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Home page  About CSIS Programs Burke Chair in Strategy Burke Chair on Strategic Assessment Homeland Defense
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Homeland Defense
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| The United States and its allies face a number of new and difficult security challenges in the coming millennium. While past threats came from other states and were primarily aimed at U.S. forces or allies overseas, new challenges --- such as the proliferation of missiles and weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, and attacks on our information infrastructure --- may well involve non-state actors and will directly affect security at home. We will have to rethink basic policies, federal and state organization for national security, and the allocation of resources to meet both old and new defense tasks. To meet these challenges, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has initiated an 18-month study to improve our understanding of Homeland Defense and chart a course for improving policy in this area. The project will feature: a major, independent research effort conducted by Tony Cordesman, the project's Principal Investigator; a series of study group efforts on terrorism, missile defense, information security, and policy integration; and a report by the Senior Advisory Group. The terrorism study effort will be led by Frank Cilluffo; the information security task force by Arnaud de Borchgrave and Frank Cilluffo; the missile defense effort by Dan Goure; and the policy integration effort by Joseph Collins. These teams will report out by the end of the year 2000. Following the reports by the four study groups, the Senior Advisory Group --- comprised of four state governors, four senators, four representatives, and a numerous former government officials and business leaders --- will compose its own consensus report. This report will be available to the new President and his cabinet by April 2001 in time to inform the new Administration's initial strategic reviews. Homeland Defense Working Group Reports
Defending America in the 21st Century New Challenges, New Organizations, and New Policies Executive Summary of Four CSIS Working Group Reports on Homeland Defense — Frank Cilluffo, Joseph J. Collins, Arnaud de Borchgrave, Daniel Gouré, Michael Horowitz
Combating Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism: A Comprehensive Strategy — Frank J. Cilluffo Sharon L. Cardash Gordon N. Lederman
Cyber Threats and Information Security Meeting the 21st Century Challenge — Arnaud de Borchgrave, Frank J. Cilluffo, Sharon L. Cardash, Michèle M. Ledgerwood
Defense of the U.S. Homeland Against Strategic Attack — Daniel Gouré
Homeland Defense A Strategic Approach — Joseph J. Collins, Michael Horowitz
The Role of the United Nations in Fighting Terrorism
If We Fight Iraq: Iraq and The Conventional Military Balance
If We Fight Iraq: Iraq and Its Weapons of Mass Destruction
Saudi Security and the War on Terrorism: Internal Security Operations, Law Enforcements, Internal Threats, and the Need for Change
The New American Approach to Defense: The FY2003 Program
Notes on Homeland Defense, Counterterrorism, Asymmetric Warfare, and Force Transformation
Biological Warfare and the "Buffy Paradigm"
Iraq’s Military Capabilities: Fighting A Wounded, But Dangerous, Poisonous Snake
The Lasting Challenge: A Strategy for Counterterrorism and Asymmetric Warfare
Radiological Weapons as Means of Attack
The Quadriennial Defence Review And Force Transformation: Notes For A Cautionary Analysis
Defending America: Redefining the Conceptual Borders of Homeland Defense
Reports by the Principal Investigator: Anthony H. Cordesman
Overviews, Briefings, and Summary Recommendations A New Transatlantic Strategy for Terrorism and Asymmetric Warfare
If We Fight Iraq: Iraq and Its Weapons of Mass Destruction
A New Strategy for Dealing with Terrorism in the Middle East
Saudi Official Statements on Terrorism After the September 11th Attacks
Iraq And Other Threats To The US Involving
Weapons Of Mass Destruction
Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East
Terrorist Organisations and States and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Asymmetric and Terrorist Attacks With Biological Weapons
Asymmetric and Terrorist Attacks With Chemical Weapons
Asymmetric and Terrorist Attacks With Radiological and Nuclear Weapons
A New US Strategy for Counter-Terrorism and Asymmetric Warfare: Provides a precise seven point recommendation in America's campaign against terrorism.
Report on Homeland Defense: Overview of the Conclusions of the Principal Investigator on NMD, CBRN Defense, and Defense Against Cyberwarfare : Provides an executive summary of the analyses and recommendations made in the detailed studies and reports of the Principal Investigator. Raises major questions about the recommendations made in many other reports.
Asymmetric Warfare versus Counterterrorism: Rethinking CBRN and CIP Defense and Response: Provides a detailed briefing on the current problems in the US government, and most outside analysis, of the CBRN threat that leads to the decoupling of most planning and analysis from serious consideration of state sponsored asymmetric CBRN attacks, or those by state-supported terrorist movements. Examines the difference between defense and response for large-scale asymmetric attacks and those by terrorists.
Taking Advantage of Delay: A Success-Driven Approach to NMD: Summary briefing on a "success driven approach" to making major revisions in the current US NMD program.
Redefining the Conceptual Boundaries of Homeland Defense: Challenges the belief that Homeland defense should focus on terrorism to the near exclusion of the threat of asymmetric attacks by states and their proxies, and that the threat estimates used for planning should be based on past patterns of terrorism or the probable capacity and intentions of current terrorist groups. States that the US must make coherent plans that link NMD, CBRN defense, and CIP defense, and make hard trade-offs as part of a coherent national defense program.
Main Reports on Critical Infrastructure Protection and Cyberwarfare, Asymmetric Warfare and Terrorist CBRN Attacks, and National Missile Defense, and Executive Summaries
Critical Infrastructure Protection And Information Warfare: Provides a detailed analysis of current threats, current federal programs, the interface between cyberwar and cyber defense, the need for offensive cyber capabilities, the need to create secure and isolated critical systems, the problems in improving government and private sector activity, and detailed recommendations for action.
Homeland Defense: Coping With The Threat of Indirect, Covert, Terrorist, and Extremist Attacks with Weapons of Mass Destruction: Provides a detailed analysis of the emerging CBRN threat from states, their proxies, and foreign and domestic terrorists and extremists. Examines the different impacts of various types of chemical, radiological, missile, and nuclear attacks and the major uncertainties in lethality estimates affecting defense and response programs. Examine current federal efforts in detail, and the lack of linkage to offensive/retaliatory efforts. Examines current federal efforts and budgets and problems in management, planning, and programming. Raises serious issues about the failure to adequately consider asymmetric warfare versus low to moderate level terrorism. Provides detailed recommendations.
Report on Homeland Defense and National Missile Defenses: Provides an analysis of the evolving threat, the interface between NMD and other forms of CBRN threats, the interaction between NMD and arms control, Russian and Chinese security issues affecting NMD, a history of NMD program, a detailed analysis of technical issues and test and evaluation efforts, cost analysis of past and projected federal efforts, analysis of international cooperation, and proposals for a new "success-driven" approach to NMD deployment.
Reports on Current Federal Programs and Budget Expenditures for Homeland Defense US Government Efforts To Create A Homeland Defense Capability : Program Budget And Overview - Overview Of Federal Spending On National Missile Defense, Defense Against Asymmetric And Terrorist Attacks, And Attacks On Information Systems And Critical Infrastructure: A detailed 270 page analysis of the total cost of the federal NMD, CBRN/counterterrorist, and CIP effort based on OMB and Department of Defense reporting that has not had wide public circulation. Detailed recommendations are made about improving the content, justification, planning, and programming of current efforts.
Where the Money Goes in "Homeland Defense": Spending on National Missile Defense and Counter-Terrorism: A Graphic and Tabular Analysis: Summary graphs and charts based on OMB and Department of Defense data.
US Government Efforts to Create a Homeland Defense Capability: A program and budget overview of federal spending on CounterTerrorism and WMD: Updates a past analysis of Federal CBRN counterterrorism efforts
Department Of Defense Programs: Countering Asymmetric, Indirect, Covert, Terrorist, And Extremist Attacks With Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Provides a detailed briefing on the current problems in the US government, and most outside analysis, of the CBRN threat that leads to the decoupling of most planning and analysis from serious consideration of state sponsored asymmetric CBRN attacks, or those by state-supported terrorist movements. Examines the difference between defense and response for large-scale asymmetric attacks and those by terrorists.
Detailed Briefings on Critical Issues and Analytic Problems in Homeland Defense
Biotechnology, Terrorism, Asymmetric Warfare And Biological Weapons: Describes the threat and effect of asymmetric and terrorist attacks using biological weapons. Raises major technical issues about the validity of current estimates of lethality and methods of attack which challenge current defense and response plans.
Terrorism, Asymmetric Warfare And Nuclear Weapons: Describes the threat and effect of asymmetric and terrorist attacks using nuclear weapons. Raises major technical issues about the validity of current estimates of lethality and methods of attack which challenge current defense and response plans.
Terrorism, Asymmetric Warfare And Chemical Weapons: Describes the threat and effect of asymmetric and terrorist attacks using chemical weapons. Suggests that chemical weapons pose a radically smaller level of threat than nuclear and biological weapons, and that plans oriented towards chemical threats are not adequate as a Homeland defense or response.
The Risks and Effects of Indirect, Covert, Terrorist, and Extremist Attacks with Weapons of Mass Destruction: Summary of the risk and effects of different types of CBRN weapons and methods of attack
Homeland Defense: The Current and Future Terrorist Threat: Provides an overview of the threat posed by states, their proxies, and major terrorist groups.
Missile Threats: North Korea, Iran, Iraq, Proliferation and US National Missile Defenses: Provides an updated analysis of the threat posed by key proliferator, and the extent to which these countries really do pose a near to mid-term threat to the US.
China and the US: National Missile Defenses and Chinese Nuclear Modernization - A Background Paper: Describes the Chinese reaction to US NMD proposals, the reasons for Chinese opposition, and the risks of a major US-Chinese confrontation over NMD.
Russia and the US: National Missile Defenses, START, the ABM Treaty, and Nuclear Modernization: A Background Paper: Describes the Russian reaction to US NMD proposals, the reasons for Russian opposition, the history of US-Russian negotiations, risks for arms control and possible US-Russian bargains over NMD.
Other Reports
Proceedings of the September 12th Senior Advisory Group Meeting and Participants List (October 2000)
Proceedings of the July 11th Senior Advisory Group Meeting and Participants List (October 2000)
The U.S. Military: Still the Best?
Published in Boston Globe, August 29, 2000
by Dr. Joseph J. Collins, CSIS Project Director (September 2000)
Training America's Emergency Responders:
A Report on the Dept. of Justice's Center for Domestic
Preparedness and The U.S. Public Health Service's
Noble Training Center, Fort McClellan, Anniston, Alabama
by Dr. Joseph J. Collins, CSIS Project Director (July 2000)
Tests and Cost and Technical Risk in the U.S. National Missile Defense Program (Updated 9/5/00)
Charting a Path for U.S. Missile Defenses Technical and Policy Issues
(June 2000)
Proceedings of the April 5th Senior Advisory Group Meeting and Participants List (May 2000)
Posse Comitatus - Has the Posse outlived its purpose?
by: Craig T. Trebilcock ( April 2000)
Defending the US Homeland: Strategic and Legal Issues for DOD and the Armed Services (January 1999)
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