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Over the next few decades, the population of the developed world will age dramatically and in many nations enter a steep decline. Meanwhile, the population throughout much of the developing world, including the Islamic Belt and Sub-Saharan Africa, will still be growing at a rapid rate. GAI has launched a major new project to investigate how the coming demographic transformation is likely to reshape the geopolitical landscape of the 21^st century—and in particular, how it may constrain the ability of the United States and other developed countries to maintain national and global security. Along the way, the project will examine the differential impact of current demographic trends, by region and country, on everything from fiscal balances and capital flows to voter attitudes and military spending—in short, on the factors that might diminish or enhance a nation’s global stature.