The blood on Putin’s hands is not only from Ukraine and Russia, but from countries around the world that rely on imports for their food security. The consequences of Putin’s war will play out in regions already experiencing acute food insecurity and in food-importing countries that are most vulnerable to supply shocks and price increases.
Buried in today’s headlines, an underreported reality is that global food insecurity is already at a
10-year high. Prior to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the follow-on effects of the pandemic—lost jobs and wages, supply chain disruptions, food price volatility—pushed the number of food-insecure people to record levels. This spike in food insecurity happened despite
ample global food stocks and record-low fuel prices. Russia’s invasion has put global stocks of
grains and oilseeds into question and caused energy prices to soar, throwing fuel onto the fire and risking pushing food insecurity skyward.
Shocks to global agriculture markets can reverberate worldwide. In 2007 and 2008, decreases in production from major producers—Australia, Myanmar, Russia, and others—led to price increases and riots from
Haiti to
Cote d'Ivoire to nearly 40 other countries. Today, decreases in the global stocks of
wheat and other grains and oilseeds from Ukraine and Russia could exacerbate ongoing crises in
Afghanistan, Syria, Ethiopia, and other hotspots and aggravate instability in
Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria. Among Ukraine’s major wheat buyers, almost
half already experience acute food insecurity; particularly vulnerable to a decrease in Russian wheat supply are its purchasers
across Asia and Africa.
Keeping Ukraine’s and Russia’s supplies online should be a top priority, to the extent possible. Western restrictions on Russia’s agriculture sector
should remain off the table, if only for symbolic purposes; with
China pledging to purchase Russia’s barley and wheat, any sanctions imposed on Russia’s agriculture sector would have limited effect. Proactive commitments to the free flow of agricultural products—as with
healthcare material at the onset of the pandemic—could also help blunt the worst effects of the conflict.
The impacts of disruption to agriculture in the Black Sea region could take
months, or even years, to play out. Beyond
pain at the gas pump, Americans will continue to experience sticker shock in the checkout line, with global food and fuel supply disruptions leading to even higher food prices. A cessation of conflict will mitigate effects on food security around the world and quell price increases in grocery stores in the United States.
Caitlin Welsh is director of the Global Food Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.
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