The Climate Crisis
Food systems are responsible for over one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions, while the livelihoods of producers—farmers, herders, foresters, and fishers—are increasingly threatened by climate change. The Global Food and Water Security Program (GFWSP) examines the relationship of climate change to migration and conflict and proposes solutions for producers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to a changing climate.
This webpage collects GFWSP’s work toward such solutions. From expert panels with UN climate experts and U.S. senators to technical reports on climate-smart agriculture, it analyzes the global, regional, and country-level implications of climate change for places where food security is most vital and elusive.
Featured Analysis

The Case for U.S.-China Cooperation on Climate-Smart Agriculture
Commentary by Caitlin Welsh, Jude Blanchette, Lily McElwee, Ryan Hass, and Ryan McElveen — May 7, 2024

The Future Appetite for Alternative Proteins
Digital Report by Caitlin Welsh, Joseph Majkut, and Zane Swanson — May 4, 2023

Mitigating Risk and Capturing Opportunity: The Future of Alternative Proteins
Report by Zane Swanson, Caitlin Welsh, and Joseph Majkut — May 11, 2023

A Conversation with UN IFAD President Alvaro Lario
Transcript — July 13, 2023

The Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS): Keynote Address and Armchair Discussion with Dr. Cary Fowler with Special Remarks from Ambassador Cindy McCain
Transcript — February 2, 2023
Climate Change: Existential Threat

Preventing, Detecting, and Responding to Animal Disease Threats: 20 Years of UN FAO ECTAD
Transcript — November 21, 2024

Dangerously Hungry: The Link between Food Insecurity and Conflict
Commentary by Chase Sova and Eilish Zembilci — April 21, 2023

Climate Change and Malnutrition: Many Channels for Impact, Many Opportunities to Act

AMR as a Global Security Threat: Destabilizing Food Systems and Healthy Communities

New National Intelligence Estimate on Climate Change Underplays the Role of Food Security
Critical Questions by Rod Schoonover and Eilish Zembilci — October 26, 2021

The Effects of Climate Change in Africa
Congressional Testimony by Caitlin Welsh — April 27, 2021

Plant Diseases and Pests Are Oft-Ignored Climate-Linked National Security Risks
Commentary by Rod Schoonover — April 21, 2021

Africa and Asia Have Several Hundred Billion More Problems besides Covid-19
Critical Questions by Christian Man and Eilish Zembilci — March 12, 2020

Climate Change and Food Security: A Test of U.S. Leadership in a Fragile World
Brief by Chase Sova, Kimberly Flowers, and Christian Man — October 15, 2019

The UN Climate Change Report: Transform Global Food Systems or Trigger a Crisis
Critical Questions by Kimberly Flowers and Sarah Ladislaw — August 12, 2019

The Declining Ecosystem and its Impact on Global Food Systems
Adapting to a New Normal

Bringing Global Food Safety Standards to Local Food Systems
Commentary by Steven Wearne and Caroline Smith DeWaal — April 2, 2025

Methane Reduction in Livestock: Confronting the North-South Gap
Commentary by Robert Paarlberg — March 6, 2025

Ocean Warming: A Livelihood Threat to Ghana’s Coastal Fishers
Commentary by Emmanuel Akyeampong, John M. Kusimi, and Robert Paarlberg — October 8, 2024

Roadmap to Resilience: USAID's Updated Resilience Policy

The Future Appetite for Alternative Proteins
Digital Report by Caitlin Welsh, Joseph Majkut, and Zane Swanson — May 4, 2023

Mitigating Risk and Capturing Opportunity: The Future of Alternative Proteins
Report by Zane Swanson, Caitlin Welsh, and Joseph Majkut — May 11, 2023

Digital Report Launch: The Future Appetite for Alternative Proteins

A Conversation with UN IFAD President Alvaro Lario

The Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS): Keynote Address and Armchair Discussion with Dr. Cary Fowler with Special Remarks from Ambassador Cindy McCain
Transcript — February 2, 2023

Redesigning Food Systems as a Solution to Climate Change with Zitouni Ould-Dada
Podcast Episode by Caitlin Welsh — October 7, 2022

Reshaping the Food Supply Chain through Food Tech with Hans Tung and Fabián Gómez Gutiérrez
Podcast Episode by Caitlin Welsh — September 9, 2022

Restoring Crop Biodiversity through the Svalbard Global Seed Vault with Stefan Schmitz
Podcast Episode by Caitlin Welsh — August 26, 2022

Rural Livelihood Resilience: Keynote Address and Armchair Discussion with IFAD President Alvaro Lario

Biosolutions: The Future of Food with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen

Food Tech and Climate-Smart Agriculture

Soil Carbon Sequestration: Myths, Realities, and the Biden Administration’s Proposals
Critical Questions by Jamie Lutz and Caitlin Welsh — August 26, 2021

A New Era for Climate Change and Food Security?

Beyond Yields: Mapping the Many Impacts of Climate on Food Security
Commentary by Christian Man and Brian Thiede — March 30, 2021

The Nature of Agriculture: Why Food Systems Must Be Part of a Solution for People and Planet
Commentary by Melissa D. Ho — November 18, 2020

A Biden Climate Policy for Agri-Food Systems Must Confound Traditional Policy Categories If It Is Going to Work
Commentary by Christian Man — November 18, 2020

Online Event: Mitigating Africa’s and Asia’s Locust Infestation amid the Covid-19 Pandemic

Bank to Plate: The Risky Business of Fruits and Vegetables in Tanzania
Commentary by Eilish Zembilci and Amy R. Beaudreault — October 31, 2019

The Case for Disaster-Smart Agriculture: 2017 Reflections
Commentary by Kimberly Flowers and Kelsey Bachenberg — December 1, 2017
Regional and Country Level Case Studies

Haitian Migration: Food Insecurity, Fragility, and a Better Way Forward
Commentary by Jamie Lutz and Erol Yayboke — November 22, 2021

Watershed Investments for Food Security and Climate Change Adaptation: 2020 Budget Insights from Malawi
Commentary by Reid Hamel — November 13, 2019

Dry Hills, Full Ponds: Climate Change, Resilience, and Agriculture in Nepal
Report by Christian Man — October 9, 2019

A Climate of Concern: What Climate Change Means for Food Security and Political Stability in Africa
Improving Relief and Development Responses to Climate Variability
Report by Richard Downie — October 3, 2016

Drought-Ravaged Malawi Faces Largest Humanitarian Emergency in its History
Commentary by Reid Hamel — August 2, 2016

Severe, Climate Change-driven Wheat Fungus Found in Bangladesh, Highlighting Need for Risk Management Programs
Commentary by Reid Hamel — March 28, 2016