Critical Minerals

Critical minerals have been called the oil of the twenty-first century and are crucial in cutting-edge defense and AI technologies. CSIS is spearheading research on how critical minerals and their supply chains can impact global economies, technology competition, and national security.

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Jerry McGinn

Jerry McGinn

Director, Center for the Industrial Base and Senior Fellow, Defense and Security Department

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What’s in the New U.S.-Saudi Minerals Agreement?

The U.S.-Saudi minerals partnership marks a realignment in global supply chains—pairing Saudi Arabia’s vast heavy rare earth reserves with significant U.S. investment to build a mine-to-magnet pathway that directly reduces China’s leverage and strengthens allied security.

Critical Questions by Gracelin Baskaran — November 19, 2025

A New Landscape for Development: Examining Impacts, Capabilities, and Opportunities

Cuts to foreign assistance have been among the most sweeping changes of the second Trump administration. This compendium dives deep into the impacts on fields across the development ecosystem and potential opportunities within this new landscape.

Digital Report by Hadeil Ali, Andrew Friedman, Noam Unger, J. Stephen Morrison, Katherine E. Bliss, Romina Bandura, Caitlin Welsh, David Michel, Rose Parker, and Joely Virzi — November 13, 2025

A New Landscape for Development: Recommendations

Cuts to foreign assistance have been among the most sweeping changes of the second Trump administration. These recommendations provide guidance on how the U.S. can engage meaningfully and productively in the world despite the significant changes.

Digital Report by Noam Unger, Andrew Friedman, and Hadeil Ali — November 13, 2025

A New Landscape for Development: The Ground Has Shifted

Cuts to foreign assistance have been among the most sweeping changes of the second Trump administration. This digital report examines the context, current state, and early impacts of these dramatic changes and opportunities within this new landscape.

Digital Report by Noam Unger, Andrew Friedman, and Hadeil Ali — November 13, 2025

Ten Years of C5+1: U.S.–Central Asia Minerals Cooperation

Amid a changing donor landscape, the United States has an opportunity to realign and leverage its full range of financing tools to promote economic growth abroad while safeguarding its national security interests.

Commentary by Gracelin Baskaran and Kamal Aubakirov — November 4, 2025

Ahead of APEC, Trump Signs Flurry of Bilateral Minerals Agreements on Asia Tour

Leading up to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in South Korea, President Trump signed new bilateral minerals agreements between the United States and Australia, Japan, Malaysia, and Thailand, marking an escalation in minerals diversification efforts.

Critical Questions by Gracelin Baskaran and Meredith Schwartz — October 31, 2025

Six Months Since the U.S.-Ukraine Minerals Deal Was Signed—What Now?

Six months ago, the U.S. and Ukraine launched the Reconstruction Investment Fund, placing critical minerals at its core to advance Ukraine’s economic recovery and enhance U.S. minerals security. What progress has been made to date, and what key actions are still required?

Commentary by Gracelin Baskaran — October 30, 2025

Unpacking the U.S.-Australia Critical Minerals Framework Agreement

The new U.S.–Australia Critical Minerals Framework cements the alliance as a cornerstone of global minerals security, combining over billions of dollars in joint investments with expanded defense cooperation—and reframing minerals as strategic assets, not just commodities.

Critical Questions by Gracelin Baskaran and Kessarin Horvath — October 20, 2025