After a decade of influencing global and regional energy markets with its rapid rise in energy consumption, China is entering a new phase in its economic development. In an effort to ascertain whether and how China can successfully navigate the next stage of economic development and what the implications may be for policymakers and business leaders, this report highlights the changes in China’s energy economy and considers the variety of policy developments underway, including the scope and pace of energy market liberalization, the efforts to reduce reliance on coal and to cap carbon emissions, the energy security implications of the economic shift, the future of outbound energy investments, and the One Belt, One Road initiative.