Optimizing U.S. Export Controls for Critical and Emerging Technologies: Working with Partners

As critical and emerging technologies take center stage in the Biden administration’s conflation of national security and economic policy, export controls constitute key tools of U.S. foreign policy today. This final report of a series of three analyzes these technologies' supply chains and assesses key economic partners to multilateralize export controls in quantum technologies, semiconductors, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, communications and networking technologies, and uncrewed vehicles—all of which are set to transform how economies grow and countries defend themselves. The report concludes by proposing a Regime on Critical and Emerging Technologies to tackle issues most relevant to critical and emerging technologies today through three pillars promoting coordination on rules of governance, capacity building, and controls.

This report is made possible through generous support from the Smith Richardson Foundation.