Border Security and Defense Cooperation in North America: Addressing Emerging Challenges

The United States and Canada share the longest undefended international border in the world—nearly 5,500 miles across forests, waterways, and Arctic terrain. This border is also the interface for one of the world’s most integrated economic relationships, where more than $900 billion in annual trade occurs, supported by deeply interconnected supply chains across North America. The openness of the border has been central to regional prosperity and is reinforced by the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), which strengthens economic integration across the continent.

At the same time, evolving security challenges are placing new pressure on border governance. Transnational criminal organizations exploit gaps in jurisdiction and coordination to move narcotics and illegal firearms; other groups also move a range of contraband goods. Beyond criminal activity, North America’s strategic environment is also shifting. Growing geopolitical competition and the increasing strategic importance of the Arctic have heightened the need for stronger continental defense cooperation. The modernization of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and improved surveillance of northern approaches have therefore become key priorities for policymakers in Washington and Ottawa. 

Against this backdrop, the Americas Program, in partnership with the Center for North American Prosperity and Security, is convening a conference to discuss emerging challenges shaping the U.S.-Canada defense and security relationship.

This event is made possible through generous support from Japan Tobacco International.